Policy / Article-004
E/M Consultation Services Educational Guide
- Effective Date: 01/01/2026
- Reviewed/Revised Date: 03/23/2026
- Next Review Date: 03/23/2026
- Origination Date: 01/01/2026
-
Originated Department:
Correct Coding Integrity
Audience
Consultants for other health professionals and physicians.
- CPT 2026 Professional Edition
- AMA AMA CPT Assistant consultation guidance
- CMS Evaluation & Management Services Guide
- Official ICD-10-CM / CPT coding rule
Clinical Providers
✓ Physicians
✓ Nurse Practitioners (NPs)
✓ Physician Assistants (PAs)
✓ Specialty Consultants
Coding & Billing Professionals
✓ Medical Coders
✓ Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) specialists
✓ Compliance and audit personnel
Overview
Consultation: A service provided when a physician or qualified health professional is asked by another provider for an opinion on a patient’s specific problem.
➔ Review of patient record / history 2
➔ Interview and/or physical exam
➔ Formulation of opinion / management plan
➔ Communication with requesting provider
Covering Codes
Outpatient: 99242 – 99245
Inpatient: 99252–99255
1. Always document the consultation request and reason
2. Include all data reviewed (labs, imaging, outside records)
3. Specify complexity and risk—avoid generic phrases
4. Document communication to requesting provider
5. Review for completeness and clarity
Common Audit Triggers
- Missing requesting provider
- Incomplete exam documentation
- Ambiguous MDM justification
- Missing communication documentation
For each consultation, documentation should include:
✓ Requesting Provider – Name and specialty
✓ Reason for Consultation – Clear clinical question
✓ History of Present Illness (HPI) – Detailed and relevant to the problem
✓ Physical Examination – problem-focused or extended based on patient acuity
✓ Physical Exam Findings – Problem-focused or comprehensive
✓ Medical Decision Making (MDM)
- Number/complexity of problems
- Data reviewed, ordered, or analyzed
- Risk of complications or morbidity
✓ Assessment & Plan – Consultant’s opinion, differential diagnosis, recommendations
✓ Communication – Document discussion / recommendations with requesting provider
✓ Time-Based Coding Option – If counseling / care coordination dominates (≥50%), total time may determine code. Document time spent, activities, and participants.
Total 30 min:
20 min counseling patient/family
10 min reviewing outside labs and imaging.
Discussed plan with requesting provider.
CPT 2026 Consultation Codes & Typical Time
Pro Tip
If the patient becomes your ongoing patient, future visits are coded as established patient E/M (99211–99215).
CPT Code
Setting
Typical Time on Date of Service
MDM Level
Notes
99242
Outpatient
30-39 min
Low
Problem-focused exam, moderate MDM
99243
Outpatient
40-54 min
Moderate
Expanded problem-focused exam
99244
Outpatient
55-69 min
Moderate
Detailed exam, high MDM
99245
Outpatient
70-84 min
High
Comprehensive exam, high MDM
99252
Inpatient
35-44 min
Low
Problem-focused, low complexity
99253
Inpatient
45-59 min
Moderate
Expanded problem-focused
99254
Inpatient
60-74 min
Moderate
Detailed exam
99255
Inpatient
75-89 min
High
Comprehensive exam, high complexity
MDM Highlights for Consultation Services
Pro Tip
Always document the problem, risk level, and all data reviewed to justify code selection. See documentation checklist ➔
Component
Minimal
Low
Moderate
High
Problems
1 self-limited
2 minor
1 stable chronic / multiple minor
1+ severe chronic / acute
Data
Minimal
Limited
Moderate
Extensive (labs, imaging, outside records)
Risk
Minimal
Low
Moderate
High (life threatening / severe disability)
Revision History
01/01/2026
Correct Coding Integrity
03/23/2026
Revised by Mountain Health CO-OP Policy Committee
Disclaimer
This document is for informational purposes only. It should not replace clinical judgment or provide medical advice. Coverage, benefits, and eligibility are determined by the member’s benefit plan. CPT codes and procedures included are for informational purposes only and do not guarantee reimbursement. © CPT Only – American Medical Association
